“Improve marketing, lower prices and use technology” sounds like three ideas. It is closer to three areas in which an idea might eventually appear.
A useful suggestion explains who does something differently and why that helps the client. For a hotel with empty weekday rooms, “offer flexible room blocks to local project teams whose dates keep changing” gives you a buyer, a barrier and a mechanism.
That is the level of specificity to aim for. You can reach it systematically without waiting for a flash of creativity.
Clarify the result you want ideas to produce
Suppose a fictional hotel is busy on weekends but has empty rooms from Monday to Thursday. It also has spare meeting space. The client wants more weekday profit using the existing property.
That objective rules out some distractions. Building another hotel does not use the current empty rooms. Filling them at a price below incremental cost would not improve profit. A weekend campaign targets the wrong part of the week.
I would restate the prompt as: “How can we earn more contribution from the property on weekdays?” This is broad enough to allow different uses, but specific enough to keep the ideas relevant.
Frame the question so it leaves room for alternatives. “How can we advertise more?” has chosen a lever before you know whether awareness is the barrier.
Choose a lens that helps you generate ideas
For this hotel, three useful lenses are buyers, booking barriers and uses of the property.
| Lens | Question to ask yourself |
|---|---|
| Buyers | Who needs accommodation or space during the week? |
| Barriers | What prevents those people from booking today? |
| Uses | What else can these rooms and facilities do within operating constraints? |
These questions help produce ideas. Generic labels such as “marketing” and “operations” can organise an answer later, but may not help much when your mind is blank.
For a cost problem, use a process map instead: where does time, material or money get consumed? For a retention problem, follow the customer’s experience from joining to renewal. Match the lens to the problem.
Develop ideas with a buyer and a mechanism
For the hotel, you might generate:
- Local project teams: offer weekday room blocks with guest-name changes, helping employers whose staffing schedules shift.
- Training organisers: bundle the spare meeting room with overnight stays, reducing the effort of arranging a multi-day event.
- Visitors to nearby institutions: test agreements with organisations that regularly host weekday guests and value predictable availability.
- Existing business guests: offer a recurring booking arrangement with simpler invoicing, reducing administrative friction.
- Local workers needing occasional private space: test daytime room use where cleaning schedules and overnight demand allow it.
- Small companies holding meetings: sell the meeting space independently when accommodation is not needed, using an asset that is currently idle.
These are possibilities to investigate, not claims about what this hotel’s customers will buy. The next step is to select the most promising ones against the client’s objective.
Quick Idea Drill
A leisure centre gets many enquiries about adult swimming lessons, but few of those enquirers go on to sign up.
- Course format
- Fixed 10-week term, same weekly slot
- Main drop-off reason
- Rotating work shifts clash with the slot
Which idea gives a specific buyer a mechanism that removes this barrier?
Give yourself room to generate before rejecting everything
If you evaluate every idea the instant it appears, you can get trapped refining the first suggestion. Generate a few distinct routes, then compare them.
Create enough breadth to reveal alternatives, then apply the known constraints. Adapt idea generation to the interview time available; you do not need a long workshop or an arbitrary idea count.
The interviewer should hear both range and judgment. Six versions of the same discount provide little range. Six unrelated ideas with no selection provide little judgment.
Choose the first test for a reason
Suppose the case reveals that two nearby engineering firms frequently house project staff, but their dates and guest names change. That makes the flexible room block a stronger first test than a general advertising campaign.
You can say:
“I would start with the project teams. Their weekday need matches our spare capacity, and booking flexibility addresses a specific barrier. I would test a small block with those two firms before broadening the offer.”
Then define what you want to learn: incremental room nights, the price customers accept, cancellations, service costs and whether existing full-price guests migrate into the cheaper offer.
Check contribution and cannibalisation
Assume the test sells 100 room nights at £80, with £25 incremental cost per occupied room night. Gross contribution from the offer is:
100 × (£80 − £25) = £5,500.
But suppose 30 of those room nights would otherwise have sold at £100. Those existing bookings previously contributed 30 × (£100 − £25) = £2,250.
Incremental contribution from the test is therefore £5,500 − £2,250 = £3,250, before any additional campaign or administration cost.
You can also see it as 70 new room nights earning £55 each, less a £20 price reduction on 30 existing nights: £3,850 − £600 = £3,250.
The idea can still be attractive. The calculation simply makes the benefit match what changed because of it.
Quick Case Math Drill
A meal-kit company launched a cheaper two-dish box. Some buyers are new customers, but others have traded down from its standard box.
- New box sales
- 1,000 boxes per month
- Traded-down boxes
- 300 would otherwise have been standard
| Box | Price | Variable cost per box |
|---|---|---|
| Two-dish box | £20 | £12 |
| Standard box | £35 | £20 |
What monthly incremental contribution does the two-dish box add, in pounds?
Respond to “what else?” by changing the question
If you have exhausted buyer groups, move to barriers or uses. Perhaps the hotel loses bookings because small firms cannot commit to fixed names, because invoicing is cumbersome or because the package excludes meeting facilities.
For an operational problem, move from reducing work to changing when it happens or where it is done. For a fixed-fleet transport problem, move from more vehicles to turnaround, schedules and allocation.
You do not need to become more exotic with every follow-up. A practical idea from a new angle is often more valuable than adding AI to an unchanged process.
Practise specificity before speed
Take one vague idea and expand it into a sentence containing an actor, an action and the intended effect. Then name the first test. Repeat with a different lens.
Try Reduce Fashion E-Commerce Returns. Generate ideas along the customer journey, then choose one based on the return cause it addresses. For another prompt, generate ways to fill a hotel’s empty weekday rooms, then rank them by incremental contribution and feasibility.
Brainstorming drill
Would your ideas stand out to an MBB interviewer?
Reduce Fashion E-Commerce Returns
Fashion returns need a different lens from hotel demand. Generate distinct ways to reduce returns with Casey, Case Room’s AI interviewer, then choose one test.
Frequently asked questions
Turning a broad prompt into specific ideas
Why is “improve marketing, lower prices and use technology” a weak brainstorm?
Those are areas where an idea might appear, not ideas in themselves. A useful suggestion states who does something differently and why that helps the client. For a hotel with empty weekday rooms, “offer flexible room blocks to local project teams whose dates keep changing” names a buyer, a barrier and a mechanism.
What should I clarify before I start generating ideas?
Pin down the result the ideas must produce, because that rules options in and out. A hotel wanting more weekday profit from its existing property should not build another hotel. Nor should it sell rooms below incremental cost or run a weekend campaign. Each might sound energetic, but none delivers the stated objective.
What is a brainstorming lens and how do I pick one?
A lens is a question that prompts a group of related ideas. For the hotel, three useful lenses are buyers, barriers and uses. Buyers asks who needs rooms or space during the week. Barriers asks what stops them booking today. Uses asks what else the property could do within operating constraints. Choose lenses that fit the client’s problem.
What do well-formed ideas look like in practice?
Each one names a buyer and a mechanism. In the hotel case, training organisers could be offered the spare meeting room bundled with overnight stays, which reduces the effort of arranging a multi-day event. Organisations that regularly host weekday visitors might value an agreement that guarantees predictable availability. Both explain who books and why.
Generating, prioritising and extending the list
How many ideas should I aim for in a case interview?
There is no target number, so adapt to the time available. Aim for enough breadth to reveal genuine alternatives, then apply the known constraints. You do not need a long workshop. A handful of distinct routes, compared sensibly, shows the interviewer both range and judgement.
Should I judge each idea as soon as I think of it?
No. Generate a few distinct routes before you evaluate any of them. If you assess every idea the instant it appears, you can get stuck refining the first suggestion and never reach better options. Keep the two steps separate. Produce alternatives first, then compare them against the client’s objective and constraints.
How do I decide which idea to test first?
Let the case evidence decide. Suppose two nearby engineering firms often house project staff but their dates and guest names change. A flexible room block then beats a general advertising campaign, because the need matches spare weekday capacity and the flexibility removes a specific barrier. Explain this reasoning, then propose a small test.
The interviewer keeps asking “what else?”. What should I do when I run out of ideas?
Switch to a different lens rather than stretching the one you have. If you have covered buyer groups at the hotel, move to barriers. Small firms may be unable to commit to fixed guest names, invoicing may be cumbersome or packages may exclude meeting facilities. Each new barrier opens a fresh set of ideas.
Does this approach work for operations or transport cases, not just sales?
Yes, as long as you change the question you ask. For an operational problem, move from reducing the work to changing when it happens or where it is done. For a fixed-fleet transport problem, look beyond adding vehicles to improving turnaround or schedules. Reframing the problem opens new routes.
Checking the numbers and practising
What is cannibalisation in a brainstorming case?
Cannibalisation happens when a new offer takes sales that would have happened anyway, often at a better price. If discounted hotel rooms go to guests who would otherwise have paid the full rate, the offer displaces contribution you were already earning. Ignoring this makes an idea look more profitable than it really is.
How do I calculate whether the hotel test actually adds profit?
Subtract the displaced contribution from the offer’s gross contribution. Selling 100 room nights at £80, with £25 incremental cost per night, gives £5,500. If 30 of those nights would otherwise have sold at £100, they previously contributed £2,250. The incremental contribution is therefore £5,500 minus £2,250, which is £3,250.
How can I practise brainstorming on my own?
Take one vague idea and expand it into a sentence with an actor, an action and the intended effect. Then name the first test, and repeat with a different lens. A useful drill is reducing fashion e-commerce returns. Generate ideas along the customer journey, then choose one based on the return cause it addresses.
Should I work on generating ideas faster?
Not until your ideas are specific. Speed is of little value if all you produce is a list of broad areas. Once you can reliably give each idea a buyer, a mechanism and a first test, use fresh prompts to build fluency. For example, rank ways to fill a hotel’s empty weekday rooms.